Monday 16 September 2013

Peluru digunakan Serangan Kimia di Syria 'boleh jadi yang asli atau improvisasi' - PBB

Image from www.un.org (think IN pictures @1WORLDCommunity)

N.nizah – Peluru digunakan serangan kimia di Syria 'boleh jadi yang asli atau improvisasi' - PBB. Penyiasatan PBB menyimpulkan senjata kimia telah digunakan pada skala yang agak besar di kawasan Ghouta Damsyik itu pada 21 Ogos. Tetapi, laporan itu adalah tidak jelas sama ada senjata yang digunakan milik Assad atau pasukan pemberontak.

Misi PBB membuat kesimpulan bahawa terdapat “bukti yang jelas dan meyakinkan bahawa roket permukaan-ke-permukaan yang mengandungi ejen saraf sarin telah digunakan dalam Ein Tarma, Moadamiyah dan Zamalka [kejiranan] di kawasan Ghouta Damsyik.”

Pada masa yang sama, laporan itu masih tidak jelas dari segi yang kepadanya roket permukaan-ke-permukaan milik - pemberontak atau kuasa-kuasa kerajaan.

Laporan 38 muka surat telah disusun oleh pasukan pakar PBB, yang diperiksa Damsyik pada akhir bulan lepas, dan dipungut lebih 30 sampel dari mangsa dan alam sekitar.

Pasukan PBB berkata bahawa mereka mempunyai masa yang terhad untuk menjalankan siasatan dan amaran bukti yang mungkin telah “dipindahkan” atau “dimanipulasi”, dengan lain-lain lagi melawat tapak sebelum dan semasa siasatan.

Warheads used in Syria chemical attack ‘could be original or improvised’ – UN. The UN investigation concluded chemical weapons were used on a relatively large scale in the Ghouta area of Damascus on August 21. But, the report is unclear whether the weapons used belonged to Assad’s or rebel forces.

The UN mission concluded that there was “clear and convincing evidence that surface-to-surface rockets containing the nerve agent sarin were used in the Ein Tarma, Moadamiyah and Zamalka [neighborhoods] in the Ghouta area of Damascus.”

At the same time, the report remains unclear in terms of whom those surface-to-surface rockets belonged to – rebels or government forces.

The 38-page report was compiled by a UN expert team, which inspected Damascus at the end of last month, and collected over 30 samples from victims and the environment.

The UN team noted that they had limited time to conduct the investigation and cautions that evidence might have been “moved” or even “manipulated”, with many others visiting the sites before and during the investigation

Image from www.un.org (think IN pictures @1WORLDCommunity)

 PBB dapat menggunakan ‘2 daripada 5 tapak’ untuk bukti trajektori

Daripada 5 tapak kesan disiasat oleh PBB, hanya 2 dapat menyediakan "trajektori mungkin” daripada roket.

Bukti pulih dari tapak yang pertama dipanggil Moadamiyah menunjukkan bahawa peluru digunakan “sepadan dengan salah satu varian [Soviet] M14 meriam roket". PBB menyatakan bahawa kepala peledak (tidak kelihatan di tapak kesan) boleh telah “asal atau diubahsuai.”

Satu titik kesan di tapak telah dikenal pasti sebagai kawah dan “motor roket utuh” ditemui serentak dengan itu, bersama-sama dengan serpihan logam kecil “yang bertaburan di luar kawah”.

“Tidak ada tanda-tanda kerosakan di sekitar kawah telah disebabkan oleh letupan atau bahan letupan,” kata laporan itu berkata, sambil menambah bahawa ini bermakna bahawa kepala peledak tidak berada di tempat kejadian kesan akhir.

Laporan itu menjelaskan: “roket pada mulanya kesan sudut bangunan apartmen tingkat 2 bersebelahan ke timur, dengan kepala peledak sama ada berfungsi atau dipotong keluar dari badan . . . dan bahagian motor yang mempunyai tenaga kinetik yang mencukupi untuk terus di sepanjang jalan untuk webnya lokasi terminal. "

Senjata ini telah diterangkan dalam laporan itu sebagai mempunyai “cat cahaya kelabu”, nombor hitam “97-179” di sebelah, dan ukiran Cyrillic pada cincin bahagian bawah enjin.

“Enjin 10 muncung jet telah diperintahkan dalam bulatan pada akhir roket dengan plat sentuhan elektrik logam di tengah-tengah.”

UN was able to use ‘two out of five sites’ for trajectory evidence

Of the five impact sites investigated by the UN, only two were able to provide the “likely trajectories” of the rockets.

Evidence recovered from the first site called Moadamiyah showed that the munitions used “matches one of the variants of the [Soviet] M14 artillery rocket”. The UN noted that the warhead (not seen at the impact site) could have been “original or improvised.”

An impact point at the site was identified as a crater and “the intact rocket motor” was found coincident to it, along with small metal fragments “scattered outside of the crater”.

"There was no indication of damage around the crater having been caused by a blast or explosives,” the report stated, adding that this meant that the warhead was not at the scene of the final impact.

The report explains: “The rocket initially impacted the corner of the second floor of an adjacent apartment building to the east, with either warhead functioning or shearing off from the body .  .  . and the motor section having sufficient kinetic energy to continue along its path to its terminal location.”

The weapon was described in the report as having “light gray paint”, black numbers “97-179” on the side, and Cyrillic engravings on the bottom ring of the engine.

“The engine had 10 jet nozzles ordered in a circle at the end of the rocket with a metal electrical contact plate in the middle.”

Image from www.un.org (think IN pictures @1WORLDCommunity)

Bukti pulih daripada laman yang ke-4 dikenal pasti sebagai Ein Tarma mendedahkan bahawa senjata yang digunakan dipadankan berkaliber mm, roket meriam 330, yang ciri-ciri “terdiri dengan sebuah roket berpandu ‘unguided.”

Pakar-pakar PBB mencadangkan bahawa berdasarkan “orientasi dan kesan kawah” dan kerosakan lain di kawasan itu, roket dilepaskan dari kawasan yang tidak ditentukan di barat laut.

Enjin roket terdiri daripada “6 penstabil sirip”, yang “sama disusun dalam bulatan dan stabil dengan cincin logam.” Salah satu roket beberapa mempunyai 153 disembur di tengah-tengah tiub enjin.

Tiub enjin dilampirkan kepada kepala peledak mempunyai “plat logam depan dengan benang fius di tengah-tengah.”

Peledak roket nampaknya telah pergi luar sebelum memberi kesan kepada bangunan, melepaskan kandungannya sebelum melalui struktur ke lokasi terakhir.

Reaksi antarabangsa untuk laporan tersebut telah bercampur dengan Rusia kata laporan PBB yang baru dilancarkan pada serangan kimia 21 Ogos tidak menawarkan “data peluru atau kesimpulan” pada siapa yang mengarahkan ia.

Sebaliknya, Amerika Syarikat dan Britain berkata kajian itu mengesahkan rejim di belakang serangan.

Evidence recovered from the fourth site identified as Ein Tarma revealed that the weapon used matched a 330 mm caliber, artillery rocket, which had features “consisted with that of an unguided rocket.”

The UN experts suggested that based on the “orientation and impact craters” and other damage in the area, the rockets were fired from an unspecified area to the northwest.

The rocket engine consisted of “six stabilizer fins”, which were “equally arranged in a circle and stabilized with a metal ring.” One rocket had a number 153 sprayed in the middle of an engine tube.

The engine tube attached to the warhead had a “front metal plate with a fuse thread in the center.”

The rocket warhead appeared to have gone off prior to impacting the building, releasing its contents before going through the structure to its final location.

International reaction to the report has been mixed with Russia’s UN representative says the newly unveiled report on the chemical attack of August 21 offers no “bulletproof data or conclusions” on who ordered it.

In contrast, the US and UK say the study confirms the regime was behind the attack.

Image from www.un.org (think IN pictures @1WORLDCommunity)

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