UMAT AkhirZAMAN: MINUS Kredibiliti ? Rekod Antartika suhu rendah dipertikaikan . . .

Kubah Fuji Stesen dalam ais kabut (Dome Fuji Station in ice fog (Image from http://polaris.nipr.ac.jp - think IN pictures @1WORLD Community)

N.nizah – Saintis Amerika mendakwa mereka telah menemui tempat yang paling sejuk di Bumi - di Antartika, di mana suhu boleh jatuh di bawah - 91C . Satu panggilan saintis Rusia ini ke dalam soalan, menunjukkan rekod baru telah dibuat dengan menggunakan ukuran jauh.

Penyelidik Amerika dari Negara Salji Amerika Syarikat dan Pusat Data Ais (NSIDC) menyediakan untuk membuat ukuran suhu data satelit awam yang mengekalkan bahawa suhu rekod -91,2 ° C telah didaftarkan di Antartika pada 3 Ogos 2004, berdekatan dengan stesen Dome Fuji Jepun, terletak di Dome Valkyrie di tengah-tengah Benua Putih.

Prakata laporan yang disediakan untuk mesyuarat tahunan Union American Geophysical di San Francisco menunjukkan bahawa Advanced Resolusi Sangat tinggi Radiometer (AVHRR) dan Sederhana Resolusi Pengimejan Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ruang sensor yang dibawa di atas kapal satelit NASA mencatatkan rekod suhu rendah “semasa tempoh keadaan yang meluas langit jelas” hampir satu dekad yang lalu “di sepanjang bahagian tertinggi di Timur Antartika ais jurang.”

Laporan itu juga menegaskan bahawa “musim sejuk tahun 1997, 2001, 2003, dan 2004 menunjukkan beberapa suhu minimum di bawah -90 ° C.”

“la mungkin bahawa rekod tapak sejuk yang dikenal pasti oleh data mempunyai kawasan kecil di dalam mereka yang ketara lebih sejuk daripada sel grid yang bermakna, ‘ringkasan yang diterbitkan hasil kajian berkata.

Setakat ini suhu yang paling rendah juga diukur di Antartika, di Balai kemudian-Soviet Vostok, di mana semasa musim sejuk tahun 1983 rekod -89,2 ° C telah didaftarkan secara rasmi.

Minus credibility? Antarctic record low temperature disputed

American scientists claim they have found the coldest place on Earth - in Antarctica, where temperatures can fall below -91C. One Russian scientist calls this into question, pointing out the new record was made using remote measurements.

American researchers from the US National Snow and Ice Data Centre (NSIDC) prepare to make public satellite temperature measurements data which maintains that a record temperature of -91.2°C was registered in Antarctica on August 3, 2004, near the Japanese Dome Fuji station, situated on the Valkyrie Dome in the heart of the White Continent.

The preface of the report prepared for the American Geophysical Union's annual meeting in San Francisco suggests that the space-borne Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors aboard NASA’s satellites registered the record low temperature “during periods of extensive clear sky conditions” nearly a decade ago “along the highest section of the East Antarctic ice divide.”

The report also maintains that the “winters of 1997, 2001, 2003, and 2004 showed several temperature minima below -90°C.”

“It is likely that record cold sites identified by the data have small areas within them that are significantly colder than the grid cell mean,' a published summary of the findings said.

So far the lowest temperature was also measured in Antarctica, at the then-Soviet Vostok station, where during the winter of 1983 a record –89.2°C was officially registered.

Isyarat lalu lintas di stesen penyelidikan Vostok Antartika di sekitar Geomagnetik Kutub Selatan (Traffic signs at the Vostok Antarctic research station in the vicinity of the South Geomagnetic Pole (RIA Novosti/V. Chistiakov - think IN pictures @1WORLD Community)

Valkyrie Dome, juga dikenali sebagai Dome Fuji atau hanya Dome F, adalah ketinggian ke-2 tertinggi Antartika dan salah satu tempat yang paling sejuk di Bumi secara purata sahaja. Suhu di sana boleh dikatakan tidak pernah naik di atas -30 ° C, walaupun di musim panas.

Namun ia akan menjadi terlalu awal dan tidak tepat untuk mengenali rekod suhu sekarang, Vyacheslav Martyanov, ketua pusat logistik Rusia Antarctic Expedition, membe-ritahu RIA Novosti.

“Adalah tidak benar untuk mengisytiharkan rekod suhu berdasarkan data satelit,” kata Martyanov, menjelaskan bahawa AVHRR dan MODIS adalah mengukur apa yang dikenali sebagai ‘suhu’ luminance ‘yang ianya tiada kaitan sepenuhnya dengan keadaan cuaca yang benar dan mesti disahkan oleh pemerhatian tanah.

“Suhu udara diukur mengikut piawaian, pada ketinggian 2 meter di atas tanah, seperti yang mereka lakukan di stesen-stesen meteorologi memerhatikan, oleh itu mengiktiraf suhu diukur dengan penderiaan jauh yang tidak realistik,” kata Martyanov.

The Valkyrie Dome, also known as Dome Fuji or simply Dome F, is Antarctica’s second-highest elevation and one of the coldest places on Earth on average alone. The temperature there practically never rises above -30°C, even in summertime.

Yet it would be too early and inaccurate to recognize the temperature record now, Vyacheslav Martyanov, the head of the Russian Antarctic Expedition's logistics center, told RIA Novosti.

“It is incorrect to declare a temperature record based on satellite data,” Martyanov said, explaining that AVHRR and MODIS are measuring the so-called ‘luminance temperature’, which does not fully correlate with true meteorological conditions and must be confirmed by observations on the ground.

“Air temperature is measured according to standards, at the height of 2 meters above the ground, like they do at meteorological observing stations, therefore recognizing a temperature measured by remote sensing is unrealistic,” Martyanov said.

Image from wikipedia.org/Forestfarmer (think IN pictures @1WORLD Community)

Namun, terdapat peluang yang kukuh untuk mengalahkan rekod berusia 30 tahun, percaya saintis Rusia, dan ia boleh dilakukan oleh ahli-ahli sains Cina di Kunlun ditempatkan dibuka pada tahun 2009.

“Ia tidak didiami dalam masa musim sejuk, tetapi jika mereka meletakkan [automatik] stesen meteorologi di sana - mereka boleh mendaftar suhu yang lebih rendah daripada di stesen Vostok,” Vyacheslav Martyanovtold RIA Novosti.

Stesen Kunlun terletak di rantau Antartika tertinggi dikenali sebagai Dome A (Dome Argus).

Stesen ini dibuka pada 2 Februari, 2009, selepas ekspedisi Antartika Cina ke-25 membuat perarakan 1,200 km dari laut pesisir, sampai ke yang paling sukar untuk dicapai kawasan di benua itu 4,093 meter di atas paras laut.

Teras ais terdapat sekurang-kurangnya 2,400 meter tebal dan suhu yang paling rendah yang berdaftar setakat ini oleh stesen meteorologi automatik telah - 82,5 ° C (Julai 2005).

Stesen Kunlun adalah musim - didiami atas sebab-sebab: CO2 mengubah dari gas ke dalam ais kering di -78,5 ° C jadi pada suhu badan manusia itu bertukar menjadi patung beku dalam masa beberapa minit. Penyelidik Cina yang membina stesen terpaksa memakai pakaian elektronik dipanaskan untuk melakukan pekerjaan itu di sana.

Kubah yang terletak lebih kurang 600 meter lebih tinggi daripada stesen Vostok dan ahli sains percaya bahawa suhu di sini mungkin jatuh serendah -102 ° C.

Still, there is a solid chance to beat the 30-year-old record, believes Russian scientist, and it could be done by Chinese scientists at Kunlun stationed opened in 2009.

“It is uninhabited in winter time, but if they put a [automatic] meteorological station there – they can register a temperatures lower than at Vostok station,” Vyacheslav Martyanovtold RIA Novosti.

Kunlun station is situated in Antarctica’s highest region known as Dome A (Dome Argus).

The station was opened on February 2, 2009, after the 25th Chinese Antarctic expedition made a 1,200km march from the sea-shore, getting to the continent’s hardest-to-reach area 4,093 meters above sea level.

The ice core there is at least 2,400 meters thick and the lowest temperature registered so far by an automatic meteorological station has been -82.5°C (July 2005).

Kunlun station is season-inhabited for a reason: CO2 transforms from a gas into dry ice at -78.5°C so at such temperatures human body turns into a frozen statue within a matter of minutes. Chinese researchers who were constructing the station had to wear electronically-heated clothes to do the job there.

Dome A is located some 600 meters higher than Vostok station and scientists believe that temperature here might fall as low as -102°C.